A river basin is the area that is drained by a river and the smaller streams that flow into that river. The longest river in the world, the nile stretches 6,650 kilometres and passes through eleven countries. The blue nile, the larger of the two branches, accounts. The ubn basin also known as the abbay basin is located in the ethiopian highlands with a drainage area of about 176, 000 km 2 table 1. The nile basin including abbay or blue nile, baroakobo, setittekezeatbara and mereb covers 33 percent of the country and drains the northern and central parts westwards. This is a list of streams and rivers in ethiopia, arranged geographically by drainage basin. The landscape is complex topography together with plain flatter area on.
It is erosion, volcanic eruptions and tectonic movements over the ages that have contributed to the nations diverse topography. A total seventeen fish species were africa and the second longest in the world. Flood impact analysis using gis a case study for lake roxen. The grand ethiopian renaissance dam and the blue nile. This includes a stronger instrumentalization of the vulnerability to climate change to justify actions and strengthen ideational power. The awash river basin is the most important basin in ethiopia, and covers a total land area of 110,000 km 2 and serves as home to 10. Cooperative filling approaches for the grand ethiopian. Indeed, river basin development planning has been widely adopted in africa, and often enough water resource development has come to be synonymous with river basin development adams 1992. The river rises on the high plateau near ginchi town west of addis ababa in ethiopia and flows along the rift valley into the afar triangle, and. The drainage basin of the nile covers 3,254,555 square kilometers 1,256,591 sq mi, about 10% of the area of africa. Water issues in the horn of africa society for conservation. Parsons laboratory, massachusetts institute of technology, cambridge, massachusetts, usa. Highlights sharing a river basin has no added impact on the risk of conflict outbreak in a dyad of two countries. An indication of oil seep from wereilu locality in the northeastern margin of the basin makes the abay basin one of the promising areas to undertake petroleum exploration.
Figure 2 from ethiopian geological survey, mapping authority, 1996, presents an area of 1,127,127 square kilometers 435,186 square miles divided in half by a northeastsouthwesttrending rift lined with tertiary and quaternary volcanic rocks. Blue nile current situation at khartoum and the ethiopiasudan border. Integrated management of the blue nile basin in ethiopia. Under pressure as a result of climate change, west africas volta river basin, will provide only 75% of annual. A countrycountries through or along which portion of a transboundary river flows or a common water body lieson. With ethiopia building the great renaissance dam grd along its border with sudan, the water sharing dynamics will soon undergo a sea change. Integrating geoinformation for the management of river. Estimation of evaporation over the upper blue nile basin by combining observations from satellites and river flow gauges mariam m.
Ethiopian valleys development studies authority evdsa financing institution. Wetlands of the nile basin distribution, functions and contribution to livelihoods lisamaria rebelo and matthew p mccartney key messages wetlands occur extensively across the nile basin and support the livelihoods ofmillions of people. Three years ago to the week, i wrote a weekly commentary entitled, cry me a lake. Impact of climate change on water conflict and cooperation in. Blue peace for the nile transboundary aquifers in the nile river basin countries baggara basin sudd basin disa sandstone basin ogaden juba kilimanjaro aquifer crystalline aquifers karoo sandstone kagera ruvumu coastal marine sedimentary aquifers gedaref basin sedimentary aquifers nubian sandstone basin precambrian basement egypt sudan. Egypt is regarded as gift of the nile and has enjoyed a monopoly of its waters from ancient times. Ethiopia is a rugged and landlocked country located in the horn of africa. While it was once considered to be the center of civilization, the nile river basin has become one of the most volatile regions in the world in recent decades. There is an alphabetic list at the end of this article. Modelbased optimization for operating the ethiopian.
That commentary focused on the plight of tens of thousands of ethiopians who are sick and dying from drinking the polluted waters of lake koka, once a pristine lake, located some 50km south of addis ababa. Other terms for drainage basin are catchment area, catchment basin, drainage area, river basin, water basin, and impluvium. World bank reports, the nile river basin is home to an estimated 160 million people, while almost 300 million people live in the ten countries that share the niles waters. The river system is formed by two distinct major tributaries, commonly called the blue nile and the white nile, which merge at khartoum, sudan, to form the main nile. Managing shared river basins in the horn of africa. The function needs as input a raw dem and a linear feature class like the river network that both have to be present in the map document.
Pdf water institutions in the awash basin of ethiopia. In the northeast, the awash river basin opens to the coastline, but even this area gains a certain measure of protection from its extreme desert conditions. The river rises on the high plateau near ginchi town, in the west side of the capital city of addis ababa, ethiopia and flows along the rift valley into the afar triangle, and terminates in the salty lake abbe on the border with. The nile river basin the 6850km long nile is the worlds longest river, and flows from south to north with a catchment basin covering approximately 10% of the african continent exhibit 1. Building adaptive water resources management in ethiopia. The countrys capital, addis ababa, sits at an elevated position overseeing the lowlands, where the majority oromo and amharic peoples merge with several less populous mountain cultures. The potential stream flow increase in sobat river by disconnecting the machar marshes from the sobat river is 0. Unfortunately, all river basins in ethiopia except for the nile basin face water shortages. From the 12 major river basins of ethiopia, the sile river is cited in the rift valley basin, the abayachamo subbasin. The abbay, baroakobo and omogibe basins account for about 76 percent of the total runoff from an area that is only 32 percent of the total area of the country table 3.
The most serious flood problems are found in the abovementioned awash river basin. Surface water and groundwater resources of ethiopia. This paper is confined to postcold war literature on nile basin cooperation and issues related to this process. Ethiopias longest unique river is the awash, while its longest shared with other nations is the nile. Ethiopiachallenges to egyptian hegemony in the nile basin. Berhe and others published modsimbased water allocation modeling of awash river basin, ethiopia find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Bridging the gap in the nile waters dispute crisis group. Estimation of evaporation over the upper blue nile basin by.
On the archydro toolbar, select terrain preprocessing dem manipulation dem reconditioning. Awash river basin in context of all ethiopian river basins. The river basin is a functional region established by physical relationships and can serve as an excellent spatial unit for a scientific understanding of natural processes. Before joining the university of exeter, he worked as a consulting engineering. Blue nile makes about 80% by volume of the great nile river. Nov 30, 2015 the nile river is the common binding natural resources for all that countries and historically has been a founding fountain of livelihood for all within the nile basin and continue to be an. The country occupies a total land area of 1,126,829 square kilometers. The river basin approach is logical for evaluating the biophysical linkages of upland, valley and plains activities as they are linked through the hydrological cycle.
The berki river originates in the highlands of tigray north ethiopia and flows to join giba river, a tributary of the river tekeze, which ultimately joins the nile. The blue nile from ethiopia originating form lake tana and the white nile that originated form lake victoria merge into the great nile river at khartoum, the sudan capital to form the longest river of the world draining to the mediterranean sea. Revision of the drainage design manual in ethiopia. Investigating highway drainage problems in the sile river. Countries in the nile river basin need to adapt to climate change in water. The awash river basin is the most important river basin in ethiopia, and covers a total land area of 110,000 km 2 and serves as home to 10. In total, some 84 per cent of the niles water flow originates in ethiopia.
The awash river basin is the most important basin in. Click basin to lock in display and enable downloading. However, these are not included in and merged with the. Balagas river baro river bashilo river beles river bilate river birbir river blue nile borkana river. The nile river basin includes portions of 11 african countries. A large scale hydropower dam known as grand ethiopian renaissance dam gerd is under con struction on the blue nile river just upstream of the ethiopiansudan border in ethiopia.
Ethiopia, egypt, sudan, nile basin, millennium dam, grand ethiopian. River basins of ethiopia with estimates of their runoffcapacity, irrigation and hydropower potential and. A new dataset shows that nearly all neighbors in the international system share at least one river. Ii integrating geoinformation for the management of river basins in the ethiopian part of the nile basin by wubeshet demeke tefera thesis submitted to the international institute for geoinformation science and earth observation in. The river extends from its origin at lake tana to the. River basins, which apparently has more up to date data on soils for the various river basins. The paper is limited to english literature, while it is recognized that there are many. Conceptual and applied analyses bearing on engineering geological, hydrogeological mapping, and zoning of vulnerability to mass wasting were conducted for nearly a16,000km2 area of thejemma river basin, central ethiopian highlands. Basin provides the catchment area for addis ababa and contains. Eldiem station is located at the outlet of the abbay basin boarder of ethiopia and sudan and has a drainage area of 199,812 km 2 including gilgel abbay and kessie is the main part of the ethiopian highlands between 3424. With a total length of about 6,650 km 4, mi between the region of lake victoria and the mediterranean sea, the nile is the longest river on earth.
The blue nile falls is one of the most popular tourist destination sites along the historic route. It features a comprehensive list of river basins worldwide, including their names, boundaries, and other helpful information. Effect of khartoum city for water quality corrections sj. Despite their importance, there are big gaps in the knowledge about the current. Irrigation development in this basin is quite advanced and is located in the flood plains on either side of the river, with close to 70% of the countrys largescale irrigated agriculture. Pdf drought analysis in the awash river basin, ethiopia. Irrigation potential in the river basins of ethiopia. Ethiopia is a country rich in geographical diversity. For centuries, the nile basins inhabitants have tapped the river for hydropower, fish and drinking water, as well as used it for recreation and tourism. The gerd has an active storage capacity of more than 60,000 mm3 and is. Northeastern part of omogibe river basin as shown in figure 1. The river originates from the central highlands of ethiopia and flows down northeast for a total length of 1,200 km until it terminates by joining lake abe, bordering ethiopia and djibouti berhe et al. This cooperative program is known as the eastern nile cooperation program encp.
The river basin of this great waterway encompasses an area of more than 1 million square miles, which is approximately one tenth of the african continent. A waterfall on the awash river laden with mud after a storm in central ethiopias oromia region. Pdf this working paper provides results of a broad assessment of water resources and a database of. Ethiopian cooperation with nile neighbors ethiopia liaises closely with the downstream riparian countries of the nile river basin to initiate joint programs and projects for waterresources development in ethiopia. A significant portion of the basin lies within the great east african rift valley. Proceeding of the national workshop in integrated v watershed management on gibe omo basin organizers of the workshop phe ethiopia consortium phe is a nonprofit making local ngo that provides coordination and capacitybuilding to 48 member organizations. Most critically, though, they ha ve drawn upon it to irrigate farmland.
Abay river adabay river akaki river akobo river ala river alero river angereb river ataba river ataye river atbarah river awash river awetu river ayesha river. Most of the rivers in ethiopia are seasonal and about 70 percent of the total runoff is obtained during the period june. Hydrological performance evaluation of multiple satellite. Fish species diversity in major river basins of ethiopia. In north america, the term watershed is commonly used to mean a drainage basin, though in other englishspeaking countries, it is used only in its original sense, that of a drainage divide. Among river sharing states, basins with an upstreamdownstream configuration increase the. Ethiopia is gifted with 9 major rivers and 12 huge lakes. Pdf evaluation of satellite rainfall estimates over. Within ethiopia, the river has several tributaries contributing to its runoff. This database provides the firstever compilation of the worlds river basins developed specifically for corporate disclosure. Burundi, egypt, eritrea, ethiopia, kenya, rwanda, sudan, south sudan, tanzania, uganda and the democratic republic of the congo drc. Wikimedia commons has media related to rivers of ethiopia.
The population around the nile basin is expected to double to 600 million by 2035, increasing the demand for water generated by growth in agriculture and industry. The awash river basin is one of the 12 river basins of ethiopia which is found between latitudes of 7 53 n and 12 n and longitudes of 37 57 e and 43 25 e 29. Despite ethiopia having the highest volumetric contribution to the nile river flow, egypt has maintained hydrohegemony over the basin for several decades on the basis of historical claims and. Improved water and land management in the ethiopian highlands. Ethiopian road authority revision of the drainage design manual in ethiopia contract reference. Heavy rainfall often causes flooding, especially along the awash river and in the lower baroakobo and wabeshebelle river basins. Model a case study of the abbay river basin, ethiopia. The eastern half, the ogaden basin, consists of jurassic, cretaceous, and tertiary sedimentary rocks. Getahun energy efficviency in the ethiopian context iii 1 1. The nile basin challenges and opportunities sudan tribune. The rivers of ethiopia, both major and minor can be classified by the direction in which they flow. Map of the nile river basin nile basin initiative, 2002 and status of water in 2025 karyabwite, 2000. The upper blue nile basin description the ubn basin also known as the abbay basin, is located in the ethiopian highlands with a drainage area of about 176, 000 km2. There is no conflictinducing effect of shared rivers over and beyond contiguity itself.
A case study in surface water conflict resolution m. The baro river is a river in southwestern ethiopia, which defines part of ethiopias border with south sudan. Evaluation of satellite rainfall estimates over ethiopian river basins article pdf available in hydrology and earth system sciences 155 october 2010 with 193 reads how we measure reads. Morphometric analysis of kito and awetu sub basins jimma. The nile river basin international water management institute. Integrated river basin planning was pioneered in the u. The shebellijuba basin including wabishebelle and genaledawa covers 33 percent of the country and drains the southeastern mountains towards somalia. At present, prediction of streamflow simulation in datasparse basins of the south east asia is a challenging task due to the absence of reliable groundbased rainfall information, while satellitebased rainfall estimates are immensely useful to improve our understanding of spatiotemporal variation of rainfall, particularly for datasparse basins.
The sile and kulfo river catchment sharing a catchment divide. For details of the complete report, see the separate pdf file on the cd titled blue nile. The upper blue nile basin contains the considerable untapped potential. These are 6,700 km from its source in the equatorial lake basin to the included in three families i. Drought analysis in the awash river basin, ethiopia article pdf available in water resources management 247. The northeast coast, which includes the gulf of aden basins and the ogaden covers only 6% of ethiopia. The river extends from its origin at lake tana to the sudanese border at diem with a contribution of 60 percent of the nile. Final master thesis flood impact analysis using gis a case study for lake roxen and lake glansweden by vimalkumar a. Ethiopia genaledawa river basin integrated resources. River nile is the longest river in the world table 1 and it is a source of life to millions of people, flowing 6. Interactive database of the worlds river basins home.
Ethiopia ethiopia is a large country having 1 million hectares that is endowed with diverse climatic and physiographic condition, with a huge potential of water resource it accounts 122 bmc annual surface runoff and 2. Modsimbased water allocation modeling of awash river basin. A process that is quite possible is the securitization of climate change in the nile river basin. Almost all the rivers in ethiopia are seasonal and there are basically no perennial flows below 1,500 meters altitude. The suitability of the dirma river basin in ethiopia for surface irrigation potential development and identification of potentially irrigable sites were the subject of the present study. The persistent paradigm for modernizing river basins. The baro river is created by the confluence of the birbir and gebba rivers, east of metu in the illubabor zone of the oromia region.
Discoveries in the ogaden basin indicated the gascondensate fields of calub and hilal, with estimated reserves of 2. News in brief the ethiojapan high level policy dialogue. Water resources management in ethiopia description continued in this study, the editors address these and other issues surrounding water resources management in all economic and water sectors in ethiopia within the setting of the nile basin, the first comprehensive treatment of. Analysis of water use on a large river basin using mike. Shared rivers and conflict a reconsideration sciencedirect. Article pdf available in international journal of river basin. Basin planning process in the awash, abay and rift valley lakes basins. Keith patrick garrettgost is not necessarily the originator of this data, if you have questions about this data please contact email protected. Though shorter than the white nile, 59% of the water that reaches egypt originates from the blue nile branch of the great river. Hide footnote from headwaters in the ethiopian highlands for the blue nile and the great lakes countries of rwanda and burundi white nile, the rivers two main branches merge at khartoum, the sudanese capital, before flowing north through egypt and finally into the mediterranean sea. It flows recorded in upper head of blue nile river 26.
The river basin area suitability was evaluated based on slope, soil and surface water resource availability using arcgis 10. The 2,525 km 1,569 mi river rises in the western himalayas in the indian state of uttarakhand, and flows south and east through the gangetic plain of india and bangladesh, eventually emptying into the bay of bengal. Concise description and nature of services provided. It will be impossible for a single riparian country to monopolize the benefits and have the lion share of the river nile, what so ever it is, unless the riparian countries merge in single institutional body united under the nile basin, for example an imaginable and possible the nile basin community. Comprehensive study of morphometric study of a basin is great help in accepting the impact of drainage morphometry on landforms and their characteristics 5.
Afcapeth 005t first workshop report harmony hotel, addis ababa, ethiopia. Genale dawa river basin integrated resources development master plan study grant number. Sima ba 2011 flow regime and land cover changes in the didessa sub basin of the blue nile river, southwestern ethiopia. Both rivers merge in their located between malawi, tanzania, and. The berki watershed is shared by three districts woredas, namely atsbi at the upstream and wukro and enderta at the downstream. Perspectives of the grand ethiopian renaissance dam gerd yohannes yihdego. The blue nile, the most significant tributary of the nile, contributes more than half of the niles streamflow. A geographical area described by the watershed limits of a water system including surface and underground water flowing into a common. It consists of rugged mountains, flattopped plateaus, deep gorges and river valleys. Dadsong aenvironmental change institute, university of oxford, uk.
The river spreads across 10 countries with an area of 3. Both rivers merge into a single river in jimma town which is subjected to flood and sediment generated from both subbasins. With the white nile, it is one of the two major tributaries of the nile. Pdf water resources and irrigation development in ethiopia. Originating from the bale mountain in the ethiopian highlands, at an altitude of about 4 230 meters above sea level, the total basin area of the shabelle river is 297 000 km2 6.
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